Following on from yesterday’s faceted diamond shape, I’m going to show you a few ways to tidy up the edges without the need for time consuming node editing.

Here’s our shape from yesterday. In order to make it look more diamond-like we’ll need to get rid of those sharp edges and form it into a more uniform shape.
If you look at the shape, you could fit the areas where two or more colours overlap into a 12 sided shape so make a polygon and fit it into the shape. I’ve outlined it here to show you but what you need is a white dodecahedron (I’ve been waiting to write that!) filled white at around 30% with no outline. It should fill most of the diamond shape.

The 12-sided polygon will be used to shape the diamond.

There are two ways of doing this; clips and masks.

Clip
Move your 12-sided shape on top of the diamond. For clipping it doesn’t matter what colour your top shape is as this won’t show when the clip is applied. Select the diamond shape and your 12-sided shape and go to Object>Clip>Set. Everything under your 12-sided shape will be showing and anything outside of it is hidden. You can undo it by going to Object>Clip>Release. The image below shows the diamond shape with the polygon positioned on top, then after clipping is applied.

Mask
Mask works in a similar way to clipping except that it retains some of the properties of the mask object. This time the white semi-opaque colour of the 12-sided shape will be applied as well as the clipping. This will give the coloured object the transparency of the mask above. Here’s how it looks now:

That’s possibly too transparent but you get the idea. Release the mask and adjust the transparency on the mask object and reapply the mask if you’re unhappy with it.

Note: If you want to apply a gradient as a mask use a black>white gradient.

If you copy and paste in place the mask object on top of a clipped object you can give the diamond a more glassy look:

Play around with it until you end up with something you like. All the files for this are available from yesterday’s tutorial including the various clipped and masked objects with explanations.

10 days and no posting. I spent most of last week in Ireland and I couldn’t bring myself to look at a computer. It’s nice to have a break sometimes.
Anyway, I’m back with my semi-regular 3 posts a week.

Today I’m going to show you a technique for making faceted shapes in Inkscape using simple geometry.

Start by making a six-sided polygon with equal width and height. Set the transparency to 33%. Copy and Paste another 3 polygons and colour them red, green, blue and white. Arrange the red green and blue hexagons so that they each have a side touching another colour and place the white hexagon on top spanning the red, green and blue shapes.

It should look similar to this (left).

Group (select them and press Ctrl + G or go to Object>Group) the 4 hexagons together and make 1 copy. Rotate one of the groups by 180° (Object>Transform…) and arrange them so that the white hexagons align. It’s starting to look kind of faceted but it lacks detail (right). Let’s make another set of hexagons to add dimension.

Repeat the steps above but this time use only the red, green and blue hexagons. Make 2 groups of 3 hexagons and rotate one of them by 180° as before. You’ll have something like this on the right.

Each group forms a larger hexagon. Rotate one of these by 30° so that the two shapes will intersect each other rather than line up one on top of the other. Combine the two hexagon groups so that the set with the white hexagon will be on top. The end result is a faceted diamond shape… well sort of.

Tomorrow I’ll show you a couple of ways you can tidy this shape up, make it look more like a diamond and trim off the rough edges.

Download the SVG but read the license first please.

How often do you opt for a solid or gradient fill for your Inkscape drawings? Have you ever used the Pattern Fill?

Here’s an example of a star shape filled solid pink next to one filled “Ermine”.

This is as simple as setting any other fill.

You can change the opacity and blur filters on Pattern Fill but not the colour… at least not without cheating a bit!

This method is by no means predictable but can create interesting effects. Select your patterned object and go to Effects>Color and try out some of the colour effects. It seems that not all effects work with all patterns. Polka Dots, Stripes and Checkerboard seem to work best with Randomize and RGB Barrel colour effects.

You can also change the scale and orientation of your pattern. This can be buggy so save your work first.

Use the Node Select Tool to select your patterned fill. You’ll notice to the top left an ‘x’ shape with circular and square handles. To increase the size of the pattern just move the square handle away from the ‘x’ and to rotate move the circular handle around the x.

Since most of the patterns are semi-transparent you can layer them up (right).
You don’t have to use the presets to fill your objects - you can make patterns out of objects!

Create the objects you want to use as your pattern as well as an object you want to fill with pattern. Here I’m using a square for the background with a shape on top. Group your pattern objects (Ctrl +G) and then go to Object>Pattern>Objects to Pattern.

To fill your other object with your new pattern just click on it, select pattern fill and choose your new pattern. It will probably have a name like Pattern3806.

I’m unsure why the edges are visible. I tried using a thick outline for the square shape but it was unsuccessful. If you have any tips for that drop me a comment below.

Finally if you want to fill a shape with a bitmap it’s just as simple. Go to File>Import and select your bitmap image. Now as before, select the bitmap and go to Object>Pattern>Objects to Pattern. You now have a new pattern to fill with.

Any comments/questions/suggestions? Let me know!

Back when I first started using Inkscape some of the things I found difficult to make work were the boolean operations in the path menu; things like Union, Difference, Intersect etc. To me the results were difficult to predict and some of the operations seemed pretty similar.

In this article I aim to explain these tools and show you how to get predictable controlled results.

Union
The first thing you need to do is select the two (or more) objects you want to combine. Let’s begin with the Union option. Select your objects and go to Path>Union (Ctrl++). This will combine the shapes, with the top object taking on the colour and opacity of the lower.

Before & After

You can see the paths have been combined. This can be really useful when making complex shapes. You can save yourself a lot of node editing if you can construct your shape in this way.

Difference
Difference works in much the same way except the top object is removed from the bottom shape.

Intersection
This excludes everything except the areas where the two shapes overlap.

Exclusion
Exclusion is probably my favourite of the boolean operations. Everything but the overlapped area remains and as before the top shape takes on the properties of the bottom shape.

Division
Division only works if you have outlines, otherwise the result won’t be visible. It colours the top object but each retains its own path; so the edge of the star shape can be selected separately from the square.

Cut Path
This operation breaks the path where the two objects intersect allowing you to remove the section.

So there you have it. I hope this clears things up if you have been confused by these path options. I’ll be covering the rest of the path menu in the next few weeks.

It’s Friday, I’m feeling a bit lazy so today I’m just going to point you in the direction of some interesting Inkscape tutorials that you might want to take a look at over the weekend.

I have some major bug fixing to do on one of my other sites but will prepare some shiny new tutorials for next week!

Illustrating Tomato is a nice tutorial from kalaalog.com. It’s not so much the tomatoes I find interesting, but the technique of first hand drawing them and then making shapes around the drawing. Gives a nice hand-drawn finish.

Inkscape Docs Interpolate Tutorial - if you haven’t got this far through the Inkscape documentation take a look at this well-written tutorial on interpolate. It’s a very cool tool in inkscape for morphing from one shape or colour to another.

Gradients to Path is such a simple yet brilliant idea. A really easy way to make a gradient or abstract shape using markers on a line.

3D Text by Nicu is an easy to follow tutorial on getting an embossed look on text using the blur filter. Could work well with non-text objects too.

That should keep you going until next week when I’ll be concentrating on some fairly heavy going GIMP tutorials on photo restoration. Have a great weekend!

Do you write web comics? To take some of the effort out of it and save time, here’s an easy way to make speech bubbles that you can use each time you write a new comic.

The Rounded Speech Bubble
Start with an ellipse. In this example I’ve given it a grey outline and blurred it slightly. Click on the shape and go to Path>Object to Path.

Here we’ll add the point to the speech bubble to the bottom-left of the ellipse, so shift-click using the Edit Paths Tool on the bottom and left nodes to select them and Add a Node between them. Now select just the new node and change it to be a Corner Node

Pull the new node in the direction you want for your speech bubble. It’s now taking on a speech-bubble-like shape but it doesn’t look right yet. For that you’ll need to edit your new nodes Bezier handles to form a sharper point. Still using the Edit Paths Tool move the node’s handles so that they are at about a 45° angle and pointing back towards your original ellipse shape.

You can also lengthen the handles on your corner node to make the point thinner. All that remains is to create a text area inside your bubble and fill it with some sample text of your choice. You can flip your bubble horizontally and/or vertically to change the direction and to move the point, simply select the corner node with the Edit Paths Tool and drag it in the direction of your character.

It’s really easy to repeat the process using a square. You’ll probably want to round the corners. You can do this by changing the Rx and Ry values for your square or rectangle:

Check out this post on Playing with Polygons for details on how to make star bursts and other shapes.

Tip: To make a thought bubble start with a softened star burst shape:

Now resize it so that it’s wider than it is long. Add a few circle shapes et voila!

You can download the files for these images and play with them yourself. Check out the License Agreement first.

The Polygon Tool is great for drawing basic shapes like squares, hexagons and even stars but did you know you can use it to make more complex shapes?

The key to this technique is to use star type polygons. They have an extra handle that you can use to distort the shape.
Try it by making a 4-sided star polygon.
It will look something like this:

And if you change the Rounded value to 0.5 you’ll see you get smoothed corners.

Now select the Node Editing Tool and move the inner handle inwards to create a thin “plus” shape.

Now move the other node around so that the shape rotates through itself to distort it into a fan shape.

If you select the Polygon Tool again (click on the shape) you can go back and play with how rounded the shape is, how many corners it has, the spoke ratio etc. which will vastly change the shape. Here’s what happens when you round the corners to 2.0.

Increasing the corners to 8 sides creates a completely new shape.

Now if you go back and edit the node positions again you’ll get something different.

As with any object you can resize and rotate in the normal way and edit colours and stroke styles. Here are a few more examples:

Left to right: Corners: 9, Spoke Ratio: 0.295, Rounded: 2 | Corners: 7, Spoke Ratio: 0.016, Rounded: 0.5 | Corners: 16, Spoke Ratio: 0.033, Rounded: 0.5 (with additional bucket fill on outer teardrops).

If you’d like to have a go with the shapes above or use them in your work, download the svg file here and don’t forget to view the license agreement

Ever wonder how some people go from idea to finished graphic? Me too. Usually I like to work to a design for a reason - maybe it’s a graphic for a new website, an icon or a new business card. It’s so much easier when you have a brief.
So what do you do when you haven’t got a brief but you’re in the mood to draw? Usually what I do is take a look around, go for a walk, see if anything inspires me.

For this piece I drew what was sitting right in front of me - a pot plant.

Here’s a picture of the orchid I worked from:

Orchid flowers are pretty complex so to make things easier I worked on small pieces. I found it much easier once the flower was broken down into petals.

Here’s an overview of the individual pieces that make up the orchid graphic:

The two scallop shaped petals started out as circles. They were converted to paths and after adding a few nodes I was able to create this shape. The picture on the left shows how the nodes are arranged. The right-most node is symmetrical to make an even curve. The two nodes either side are angled inwards to help pinch the shape into a point where the pink colour begins. You might need to do some tweaking to get the right shape but if you begin with a circle it shouldn’t be difficult.

The three oval-shaped petals were also created by starting with a circle and adding nodes. Some of the nodes were moved around and the curves edited to create a slightly irregular shape to make the flower look more natural. Copy and paste to create two more petals and edit them slightly to make each unique. Rotate each petal until you’re happy with the configuration.
You’ll notice the real petals have a vein down the middle of each. I used the Bezier tool to draw a curved line, set the stroke to be a semi-opaque grey and blurred the line slightly to soften it. Each petal needed its own line redrawn to maintain the organic look.

For the inner petals I copied the two scallop shapes and scaled them down. The tube (middle) part was the hardest part to do. It was difficult to get the perspective right so I just had to make roughly the same shape as the photo showed. That was made from a rounded rectangle shape with some nodes moved around and the path reshaped.

The last few shapes are made up of a flatted oval shape for the yellow part and an enlongated oval with a few additional corner nodes to make the points. It looks like a pretty complex shape until you see how simply the nodes are configured.

Most petals were coloured using a gradient of magenta→off white. It’s important to apply the gradient to each element individually since on the real orchid each petal has its own colouring.

As there’s so much white-on-white the upper shapes were given shadows.
To make a shadow:

• Select the shape to be given a shadow.
• Copy the shape and use Edit>Paste in Place to paste a copy on top of the original.
• Change the colour of the new shape to pale translucent grey and add a blur (less blur for harder shadows).
• Increase the size of the new shape slightly. Be sure to maintain the size ratio.
• Move the grey shape down and to one side by a few pixels in the opposite direction to where the light source would be.
• Ensuring the grey shape is selected use the Lower Selection button to put it behind your original image.

All that remains to be done is to put all the shapes together and the orchid is complete.

If you would like to use the SVG file you can download it here but read the license agreement first.

When I was making the title image for this site I started with the idea of a swish - those wave shapes above. Initially I tried drawing by hand with the pencil tool but even with a tablet my drawing was too shaky. It would have taken a lot of node editing to get that looking even slightly smooth. Next I tried using Bezier curves to construct the shape but after joining all the lines it just looked kind of of messy.

To get a smooth looking shape I needed a more simple approach. So here’s how I ended up with a smooth shape.

The shape is basically a triangle - thick at one side and tapering into a point. So start by drawing a triangle with the polygon tool.

Next you’ll need to edit the triangle’s path to create the curves, but before you can edit the path you’ll need to change it from an object to a path. Path>Object to Path will do this. Choose the Edit Paths by Nodes tool and select the image to see the nodes.
Stretch the triangle out so it forms the basic shape of the wave you’re making. It will probably look something like this now:

To create the curves start by working on the nodes that lie between the base and the tip of your triangle shape. You can tell by the sharp angles between the lines that these are corner nodes. To smoothen that, out make the node symmetric.

You can see the angle has been smoothed out into a curve. Repeat with the node below.
Now you can move your curved areas around to make the beginnings of a wave. In the picture below I’ve moved the top node up and left slightly and the lower node up and right. I’ve tilted the curve by moving the Bezier handles up and down until I’m happy with the shape. You’ll also notice the top right-most node has been moved down to make the base of the shape more narrow.

To add another curve I add two nodes (top and bottom) between the curve and the point and repeat the process to create the new curve. To add more nodes shift-click on the two nodes you wish to add a node between and click the Insert Node button.
In the same way as you did above, play around with positioning the nodes and moving the Bezier handles until you end up with a curve you like. Here’s a pic showing the position of each node’s handles.

And that’s it - a pretty easy way to get a smooth curved shape.

If you give this a try please comment below and let me know, or if you have an alternative method I’d love to know.